Types of Newborns Infants a) The full-term, full-size infant with a gestational age of 38Īnd a body weight greater than 2500 grams (TAGA)- they received Gm/kg of protein, 10-15 gm/kg of carbohydrate and small amount of This is increased duringĬold, infection, surgery and trauma. Newborn infantsġ00-200 calories/kg/day for normal growth. It is obvious that the period of starvation will go beyond five days.įeeding is the best method and breast is best source. Is one of the major advances in neonatal surgery and will be required Of fontanelle, dryness of the mouth and urine output. The degree of dehydration can be measured by clinical parametersĪs: body weight, tissue turgor, state of peripheral circulation, Blood Volumes estimates of help during surgical blood loss are: premature 85-100 cc/kg, term 85 cc/kg, and infant 70-80 cc/kg. Into consideration: (1) urinary water losses, (2) gastrointestinal losses, (3) insensible water losses, and (4) surgical losses (drains). Estimations of daily fluid requirements should Impaired ability toĪ sodium load that can be amplify with surgical stress (progressive

Intravenous therapy can lead to patent PDA, bronchopulmonary dysplasia,Įnterocolitis and intraventricular hemorrhage. Susceptible to both sodium loss and sodium and volume overloading. Special need of preterm babies fluid therapy are: conservativeĬonsider body weight changes, sodium balance and ECF tonicity. AsĪ rule of thumb, the daily fluid requirements can be approximated too: prematures 120-150cc/kg/24 hrs neonates (term) 100cc/kg/24 hrs Infants >10kg 1000cc+ 50cc/kg/24 hrs. Electrolytes requirements of the full-termĪre: Sodium 2-3 meq/kg/day, potassium 1-2 meq/kg/day, chloride 3-5Īt a rate of fluid of 100cc/kg/24 hrs for the first 10 kg of weight. Infants can retain sodium butĮxcrete excessive sodium. Is the most important mechanism of achieving and maintaining normalĪnd composition of fluid compartments. Fluid and Electrolytes Concepts Cellular energy mediated active transport of electrolytes along The older child needs about 1-2 cc/kg/hr and the adult 0.5-1 cc/kg/hr.

Requires 2-4 cc/kg/hr urine production to clear the renal solute load. MOsm/L the full-term compared to 1200 mOsm/L for an adult), and In the newborn can only concentrate to about 400 mOsm/L initially The neonate isĪctive and production of solute to excrete in the urine is high. Which makes them less tolerant to dehydration. Rate and concentration ability (limited urea in medullary interticium) Renal characteristics of newborns are a low glomerular The needs of the normal full-term infant but may be limited during Neonatal renal function is generally adequate to meet Loss is affected by gestational age, body temperature (radiantĪnd phototherapy.

Transepithelial (skin) water is theĬomponent and decreases with increase in post-natal age. The adults and heat loss is a major factor. The newborn's body surface area is relatively much greater than There is a gradual decrease in bodyĪnd the extracellular fluid compartment with a concomitant increase in A change in body water occurs upon entrance of the fetus to Is high and extra energy is needed for maintenance of body temperatureĪnd growth. The TBW with potassium the principal cation. The ECF compartment is one-third the TBW with sodium as principalĪnd chloride and bicarbonate as anions. Into extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF) With fat content, and prematures have less fat deposits. Water metabolism Water represents 70 to 80% of the body weight of the normal neonateĪnd premature baby respectively. (Older child) -1- Anal Fissure -2- Meckel'sīILIARY DISORDERS A. Surgery Handbook (version August 2010) can be downloaded as a PDFĪtresia E. HANDBOOK for Residents and Medical Students. Pediatric Surgery Handbook for Residents and Medical Students OnLine Pediatric Surgery

Hunter fire man